Drug-Induced Hypophosphatemia

• Hypophosphatemia is seen in almost 30% of critically ill patients.
• As discussed in a prior pearl, hypophosphatemia can result in respiratory failure along with cardiac and neurologic abnormalities.
• Although common ED causes of hypophosphatemia include sepsis, hypothermia, and dialysis, don't forget about medications.
• Medications that can cause significant hypophosphatemia in the critically ill (along with their mechanism) include:
  • Decreased GI intake: antacids, sucralfate
  • Transcellular shift: aspirin overdose, albuterol, catecholamines, insulin, and bicarbonate
  • Increased urinary excretion: diuretics, acetaminophen overdose, and theophylline overdose

References

Buckley MS, LeBlanc JM, Cawley MJ. Electrolyte disturbances associated with commonly prescribed medications in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2010; 38(S):S253-S264.